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1990-02-12
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###### ###### ╔SSUE #7
################## ╞EB. '94
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
┼DITOR'S ╬OTES:
BY ├RAIG ╘AYLOR (DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU)
╘HIS NET-MAGAZINE IS STILL ALIVE AFTER OVER TWO YEARS SUPRISING EVEN
MYSELF. ╘HERE SHOULD BE MORE TO COME ALSO!! ┴ND IT'S BEEN LATE EVERYTIME
IT'S BEEN RELEASED. :-) ╔ DUNNO - ╔'M TRYING NOT TO MAKE THAT A
TRADITION BUT NEXT TIME ╔ DON'T THINK ╔'M GOING TO SET ANY FIRM DATES SO
IT CAN'T POSSIBLY BE LATE.
╠ESEE, FIRST TO ADDRESS SOME QUESTIONS AND QUERIES THAT HAVE BEEN GOING
ON OVER THE NETWORK:
- ╘HE ├ PROJECT THAT ╔ MENTIONED A WHILE BACK IS NOW OFFICIALLY
DEFUNCT, DEAD, RESTING IN PEACE... WHATEVER YOU WANT TO CALL IT.
╘HERE MAY BE OTHER INDIVIDUALS WORKING ON THEIR OWN VERSION OF AN
┴╬╙╔ ├ COMPILER BUT THE GROUP THAT WAS SETUP IS NO LONGER.
┬ASICALLY, IT WAS A PROBLEM OF TOO MANY PROGRAMMERS, TOO FEW
MANAGERS (AND WE KNOW PROGRAMMERS *GRINS* - ╘HEY ALL WANT TO DO IT
THEIR WAY. ╔NCIDENTILLY - MY WAY _WAS_ THE BEST. ;-) )
- ╘HE ├65 EXISTS BUT THERE ARE VERY FEW OF THEM OUT THERE AND
╟RAPE╓INE NO LONGER SELLS THEM (OUT OF STOCK ╔ BELIEVE). ╔T WAS ONLY
MADE IN SMALL QUANTITIES FOR PROTOTYPE WORK. ╘HERE HAVE BEEN
NUMEROUS INDIVIDUALS READING COMP.SYS.CBM THAT SEE MENTION OF THE
├65 AND ASSUME THAT THIS CREATURE ├OMMODORE RELEASED. ├OMMODORE SOLD
A WAREHOUSE AND ITS CONTENTS TO ╟RAPEVINE AND ╟RAPEVINE STUMBLED
ACROSS THEM AND SOLD 'EM. ╘HEY ARE FUNCTIONAL BUT DUE TO THE LOW
NUMBER OF THEM AVAILABLE ╔ DOUBT THAT THERE WILL BE ANY ├65 TARGATED
APPLICATIONS. (╙OMEONE PROVE ME WRONG, PLEASE?)
- ╟EESH - ╘HAT STUPID ARTICLE ABOUT THE 1351 MOUSE THAT ╔ KEPT
PROMISING FROM ISSUE 2 ON ╔'VE OFFICIALLY DECLARED DEAD. ╔T MAY COME
AROUND LATER BUT FOR NOW IT'S DEAD. ╔T'S EXISTED AS A PROMISE IN ONE
FORM OR ANOTHER SINCE ISSUE 2 SO THIS MESSAGE OFFICIALLY KILLS IT.
- ┴LSO THERE WAS SOME CONFUSION LAST TIME ABOUT MY WORDING ABOUT NOT
WRITING ANY MORE ARTICLES AND SUCH (OR RATHER, NOT AS MANY AS ╔ HAD
BEEN). ┬ASICALLY, YES - ╔'M STILL GOING TO DO ├=╚ACKING - IT'S JUST
THAT BECAUSE OF TIME, FRUSTRATION, SCHOOL AND JOBS THAT ╔ DON'T HAVE
AS MUCH TIME TO DEVOTE TO RESEARCHING AND WRITING ARTICLES. ╘HAT'S
ALL THAT ╔ MEANT TO SAY - SOME PEOPLE WERE CONCERNED THAT ├=╚ACKING
WAS NO LONGER GOING TO BE RELEASED...
┴S ALWAYS, HERE'S THE OBLIGATORY BEGGING FOR AUTHORS ON ANY TYPE OF
SOFTWARE OR HARDWARE PROJECT THAT INVOLVES THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS.
╨LEASE, ╨LEASE IF YOU OR YOUR USER GROUP HAS ANY INFORMATION OR MATERIAL
CONCERNING THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS THAT YOU THINK MAY BE APPROPRIATE FOR
├=╚ACKING LET ME KNOW VIA E-MAIL AT DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU. ╔'M
LOOKING FOR ANYTHING FROM HARDWARE SCHEMATIC, PROGRAMMING THEORY TO
ACTUAL PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES, PROGRAMS.
╘HE ARTICLES IN THIS ISSUE OF ├=╚ACKING ╔'M ESPECIALLY PLEASED WITH.
╘HERE ARE TWO ARTICLES CONCERNING THE ╓╔├ CHIP AND ITS OPERATIONS THAT
DETAIL HOW CERTAIN "MAGICAL" TECHNIQUES ARE PERFORMED. ┴LSO, ═ARKO
═AKELA HAS WRITTEN A VERY DETAILED, INTERESTING ARTICLE ON VARIOUS
MEMORY TECHNIQUES FOR THE ├-64. ╫E ALSO HAVE A SUMMARY OF THE ┴├┼
PROGRAMMING / OPERATING SYSTEM AND A REFERANCE GUIDE ON HOW TO WRITE
APPLICATIONS FOR IT. ╔'VE ALSO INCLUDED AN ╔NTER╬ET GUIDE THAT ╔'VE
STARTED WRITING TO SHOW INDIVIDUALS HOW TO USE THE ╔NTER╬ET TO GET
├OMMODORE-64/128/╓IC-20 RELATED MATERIAL. ╔NCLUDED WITHIN THAT IS A LIST
OF ╞╘╨ SITES CONTAINING NUMEROUS PROGRAMS.
=============================================================================
╨LEASE NOTE THAT THIS ISSUE AND PRIOR ONES ARE AVAILABLE VIA ANONYMOUS
╞╘╨ FROM CCOSUN.CALTECH.EDU (AMONG OTHERS) UNDER PUB/RKNOP/HACKING.MAG
AND VIA A MAILSERVER WHICH DOCUMENTATION CAN BE OBTAINED BY SENDING
MAIL TO "DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU" WITH A SUBJECT LINE OF
"MAILSERVER" AND THE LINE "HELP" IN THE BODY OF THE MESAGE.
=============================================================================
╬╧╘╔├┼: ╨ERMISSION IS GRANTED TO RE-DISTRIBUTE THIS "NET-MAGAZINE", IN
WHOLE, FREELY FOR NON-PROFIT USE. ╚OWEVER, PLEASE CONTACT INDIVIDUAL
AUTHORS FOR PERMISSION TO PUBLISH OR RE-DISTRIBUTE ARTICLES
SEPERATELY. ┴ CHARGE OF NO GREATER THAN 5 ╒╙ DOLLARS OR EQUIVLENT MAY
BE CHARGED FOR LIBRARY SERVICE / DISKETTE COSTS FOR THIS
"NET-MAGAZINE".
=============================================================================
╔N ╘HIS ╔SSUE:
├OMMODORE ╘RIVIA ├ORNER
╘HIS SECTION OF ├=╚ACKING WILL CONTAIN NUMEROUS QUESTIONS THAT WILL TEST
YOUR KNOWLEDGE OF TRIVIA FOR THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS. ┼ACH ISSUE THEY'LL
BE ANSWERS TO THE PREVIOUS ISSUES QUESTIONS AND NEW QUESTIONS. ╚OW MUCH
DO YOU KNOW?
╔NTER╬ET ╥ESOURCES FOR THE ├OMMODORE 64 / 128 ╓1.0
╘HIS ARTICLE GOES INTO DETAIL ABOUT THE AVAILABLE RESOURCES ON THE ╔NTER╬ET
AND IS MEANT TO INTRODUCE PEOPLE TO THE WONDERFUL, WACKY WORLD OF THE
╔NTER╬ET. ╔T COVERS WHAT THE ╔NTER╬ET IS, WHAT CAPABILITIES IT HAS AND
HOW TO ACCESS THOSE CAPABILITIES. ╔N ADDITION, IT ALSO INCLUDES ╚OWARD
╚ERMAN'S LATEST LIST OF ╞ILE ╘RANSFER SITES FOR THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS.
╚IDING KILOBYTES
═OST ├OMMODORE 64 PROGRAMS DO NOT UTILIZE EVEN NEARLY ALL OF THE 64 K┬
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY SPACE. ┬Y DEFAULT, THERE ARE ONLY 44 KILOBYTES OF
ACCESSIBLE ╥┴═. ╘HIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES HOW YOU CAN TAKE THE HIDING 20
KILOBYTES TO USE.
╞╠─ - ╙CROLLING THE ╙CREEN
╘HIS ARTICLE, USING A TECHNIQUE DESCRIBED BY ╨ASI ╧JALA IN THE LAST
ISSUE OF ├=╚ACKING, GIVES AN EXAMPLE OF A PROGRAM USING ╞LEXIBLE ╠INE
─ISTANCE TECHNIQUE.
╘ECH-TECH - MORE RESOLUTION TO VERTICAL SHIFT
┴T ONE TIME HALF OF THE DEMOS HAD PICTURES WAVING HORIZONTALLY ON THE WIDTH
OF THE WHOLE SCREEN. ╘HIS EFFECT IS NAMED TECH-TECH AND IT IS DONE USING
CHARACTER GRAPHICS. ╚OW EXACTLY AND IS THE SAME POSSIBLE WITH SPRITES ?
┴├┼-128/64 ╨╥╧╟╥┴══┼╥'╙ ╥┼╞┼╥┼╬├┼ ╟╒╔─┼ (VERSION 0.9, FOR ╥ELEASE #10)
╘HIS ARTICLE EXPLAINS THE COMPLETE SYSTEM INTERFACE FOR THE ┴├┼-128/64
COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT. ╔T IS INTENDED TO BE USED BY PROGRAMMERS FOR
DEVELOPING SOFTWARE TO RUN ON TOP OF THE ┴├┼ KERNEL. ┴├┼ IS A PROGRAM
FOR THE ├OMMODORE 128 AND ├OMMODORE 64 THAT PROVIDES A COMMAND SHELL
ENVIRONMENT THAT IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF ╒NIX.
===============================================================================
├OMMODORE ╘RIVIA ├ORNER
BY ╩IM ┬RAIN (BRAIN@MAIL.MSEN.COM)
┼VERYONE WHO READS THIS ARTICLE HAS HAD, OR PRESENTLY OWNS A ├OMMODORE
COMPUTER OF SOME KIND. ╔ OWN MORE THAN ONE, WHICH IS NOT UNCOMMON AMONG
├OMMODORE ENTHUSIASTS. ╫ELL, ╔ BOUGHT MY FIRST ├OMMODORE COMPUTER IN
1982, A BRAND NEW ╓IC-20 WITH SOME GAME CARTRIDGES. ╔ HAD WANTED AN
┴TARI, BUT FATHER KNEW BEST AND HE TOLD THE THEN 11 YEAR OLD SON THAT
COMPUTERS WOULD SHAPE MY LIFE MORE THAN ANY GAME MACHINE. ╫ELL, IT IS
11 YEARS LATER AND A ├OMPUTER ┼NGINEERING ─EGREE EARNED, AND ╔ HAVE
SPENT MANY A NIGHT DURING THAT TIME PLAYING ON MANY MODELS OF ├OMMDORE
EQUIPMENT. ╬OW, ╔ WOULD LIKE TO SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE ╔ HAVE WITH YOU IN
AN INTERESTING WAY.
┴S YOU NOW KNOW A LITTLE ABOUT ME, LET US SEE HOW MUCH YOU KNOW ABOUT
THE MACHINES AND COMPANY THAT BINDS US ALL TOGETHER. ╘HE FOLLOWING IS
AN INSTALLMENT OF ├OMMODORE ╘RIVIA. ╘HESE QUESTIONS HAVE BEEN GLEANED
FROM BOOKS, MAGAZINES, PERSOANL KNOWLEDGE, WORK ON THE MACHINES IN
QUESTIONS, AND OTHER FELLOW COMMODORE USERS HAPPY TO SHARE INTERESTING
BITS OF SEMI- USELESS KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING THE ├┬═ SYSTEMS.
╘HIS INSTALLMENT CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS, THE ─ECEMBER 1993 EDITION
COMPLETE WITH ANSWERS AND THE ╩ANUARY 1994 EDITION WITHOUT ANSWERS.
┼ACH NEW ISSUE OF ├OMMODORE ╚ACKING ═AGAZINE WILL CONTAIN MORE
QUESTIONS, AS WELL AS ANSWERS TO THE PREVIOUS ISSUE'S QUESTIONS. ┼ACH
NEW EDITION IS ALSO POSTED EVERY MONTH ON THE 12TH OF THE MONTH ON THE
╒SENET NEWSGROUP COMP.SYS.CBM. ╫INNERS WILL BE ANNOUNCED ON THE
NEWSGROUP, AND PRIZES MAY BE AWARDED. ╞OR ANYONE WISHING TO SUBMIT
ANSWERS FROM THIS ARTICLE, PLEASE EMAIL YOUR RESPONSES WITH QUESTION
NUMBERS PRECEEDING EACH ANSWER TO :
BRAIN@MSEN.COM
╘HE ANSWERS TO THIS EDITION WILL BE POSTED ON THE 12TH OF ╞EBRUARY IN
COMP.SYS.CBM WITH THE NEXT EDITION OF QUESTIONS. ╚AVE FUN TRYING TO
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AND FEEL FREE TO SEND ME A NOTE WITH NEW QUESTIONS.
╔ CAN ALWAYS USE THEM.
[┼D'S ╬OTE: ╔N ADDITION, THE MAILSERVER THAT ╔ HAVE SETUP FOR
├=╚ACKING WILL MAKE PROVISIONS TO ALLOW INDIVIDUALS TO RETRIEVE THE
NEWEST SET OF QUESTIONS AND LAST MONTH'S ANSWERS. ├URRENTLY NOT
IMPLEMENTED, IT SHOULD BE AVAILABLE SOON. ─ETAILS IN THE NEXT ISSUE.
┴LSO DUE TO ├= ╚ACKING BEING PUBLISHED FAIRLY IRREGULARLY AND NOT
EVERY MONTH THE COLUMN HERE WILL CONTAIN ANSWERS TO THE LAST ISSUE OF
├=╚ACKING'S QUESTIONS AND HAVE NEW QUESTIONS FOR THE MONTH THAT IT'S
RELEASED IN.]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
╚ERE ARE THE ANSWERS TO THE 10 QUESTIONS IN ├OMMDORE ╘RIVA ┼DITION #1 FOR
─ECEMBER 1993. [THAT WERE POSTED ON COMP.SYS.CBM]
╤ $000) ├OMMODORE STARTED OUT INTO COMPUTING WITH THE ╨┼╘ SERIES OF
COMPUTERS. ╔ AM NOT SURE IF THE FIRST ONES HAD ╨┼╘ EMBLEM, BUT
NONETHELESS, ╫HAT DOES ╨ ┼ ╘ STAND FOR?
┴ $000) ╨ERSONAL ┼LECTRONIC ╘RANSACTOR
╙INCE THE ACRONYM WAS MADE UP BEFORE THE EXPANSION, THE FOLLOWING
ARE ALSO VALID:
╨ERSONAL ┼LECTRONIC ╘RANSLATOR
╨EDDLE'S ┼GO ╘RIP
╤ $001) ├OMMODORE PLANNED TO MANUFACTURE A SUCCESSOR SERIES TO THE
SUCCESSFUL ├OMMODORE 64 HOME COMPUTER. ┬OTH WERE INTENDED TO
BE ┬USINESS MACHINES. ╫E ALL KNOW THIS RESULTED IN THE ├OMMODORE
╨LUS 4, BUT WHAT WERE THE MACHINES ORIGINALLY CALLED AND WHAT WAS
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO?
┴ $001) THE 364, WHICH HAD, AMONG OTHER THINGS, A LARGER ╨LUS 4 STYLE CASE
THAT HOUSED THE REGULAR KEYBOARD PLUS A NUMERIC KEYPAD. THE 264
TURNED INTO THE ╨LUS 4, WITH 64╦ OF ╥┴M. ╫E WILL NEVER KNOW MUCH
MORE ABOUT THE 364, SINCE IT GOT SCRAPPED.
╤ $002) ╚OW MUCH FREE MEMORY DOES A ╓IC-20 HAVE (UNEXPANDED)?
┴ $002) ╧OOH! ╘HERE ARE MANY ANSWERS FOR THIS.
╘HE ╓╔├ HAS 3583 BYTES OF ╥┴═ FOR ┬┴╙╔├
╘HE ╓╔├ HAS 4096 BYTES OF ╥┴═ FOR ═╠
╘HE ╓╔├ HAS 5120 BYTES OF ╥┴═. 4╦ OF ╥┴═ + 1╦ FOR ╓IDEO.
╤ $003) ╫HAT EARLY 80'S ├OMMODORE SOFTWARE COMPANY HAD A ╠IGHT ┬ULB
AS A COMPANY LOGO?
┴ $003) ╙KYLES ┼LECTRIC ╫ORKS.
╘HE ╓IC-20 CAME OUT WITH A FEW PERIPHERALS ╔ WANT THE MODEL
NUMBERS FOR THE :
╤ $004) ─ISK ─RIVE
┴ $004) ╓╔├-1540 - ╙AME AS 1541, ONLY FASTER SERIAL SPPED.
╤ $005) ├ASSETTE ╨LAYER
┴ $005) ╓╔├-1530
╤ $006) ╨RINTER
┴ $006) ╓╔├ 1515, WHICH, BY A MISCOMMUNICATION, COULD ONLY USE 7.5" PAPER.
┼VIDENTLY, SOMEONE THOUGHT 8.5" MEANT FULL WIDTH OF PAPER W/ PERFS!
╘HIS PRINTER WAS QUICKLY SUPPLANTED AND OVERTAKEN BY THE 1525, WHICH
SHOULD OWN THIS TITLE IN THE FIRST PLACE!
╤ $007) 16 ╦ ╥AM ┼XPANSION.
┴ $007) ╓╔├-1111
╤ $008) ├OMMODORE ╔NTRODUCED 3 PRINTERS THAT USED THE SAME PRINTER MECHANISM.
╫HAT ARE THE MODEL NUMBERS.
┴ $008) ═╨╙ 802 (╙QUARE ─OTS, ╙ERIAL), ├┬═ 1526 (╥OUND ─OTS, ╙ERIAL),
╨┼╘ 4023 (╥OUND ─OTS, ╔┼┼┼-488).
╤ $009) ╫HAT IS THE DIFERENCES BETWEEN THE PRINTERS IN #9
┴ $009) ═╨╙ 802 (╙QUARE ─OTS, ╙ERIAL), ├┬═ 1526 (╥OUND ─OTS, ╙ERIAL),
╨┼╘ 4023 (╥OUND ─OTS, ╔┼┼┼-488).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
╚ERE ARE THE QUESTIONS FOR ├OMMODORE ╘RIVIA ┼DITION #2 FOR ╩ANUARY 1994.
╤ $00┴) ╫HAT WAS THE ├ODE-╬AME OF THE ┴MIGA WHILE IN ─EVELOPMENT?
╤ $00┬) ╫HAT IS ╠ORD ┬RITISH'S ╥EAL ╬AME (╘HE CREATOR OF THE ╒LTIMA
╙ERIES)?
╤ $00├) ╫HAT IS THE ╨╧╦┼ LOCATION AND VALUE THAT WILL FRY AN EARLY MODEL
╨┼╘?
╤ $00─) ╧N THE ╨LUS 4 AND ├-16, THE ╓╔├ CHIP WAS REPLACED WITH THE ╘┼─
CHIP. ╫HAT DOES ╘┼─ STAND FOR?
╤ $00┼) ├OMMODORE ╨RODUCED A ╠ETTER ╤UALITY ╨RINTER IN ╬ORTH ┴MERICA
(MAYBE ELSEWHERE) FOR THE ├OMMDORE ╙ERIAL ╠INE. ╬AME IT.
╤ $00╞) ╫HAT IS THE VERSION OF ─╧╙ IN THE 1541?
╤ $010) ╫HAT IS THE ╓ERSION OF ┬┴╙╔├ IN THE ╨LUS 4 AND THE ├-16?
╤ $011) ╫HAT ARE THE NICKNAMES OF THE ORIGINAL THREE CUSTOM ┴MIGA CHIPS?
╤ $012) ├OMMODORE PRODUCED A 64 IN A ╨┼╘ CASE. ╫HAT IS ITS NAME AND MODEL
NUMBER?
╤ $013) ├OMMODORE SOLD A 1 MEGABYTE FLOPPY DISK DRIVE IN A 1541 CASE.
╟IVE THE MODEL NUMBER.
╤ $014) ╫HAT DOES ╟├╥ STAND FOR?
╤ $015) ├OMMDORE PRODUCED A DRIVE TO ACCOMPANY THE ╨LUS 4 INTRODUCTION.
╟IVE THE MODEL NUMBER.
╤ $016) ╫HAT DOES ╙╔─ STAND FOR?
╤ $017) ╫HAT DOES THE ACRONYM ╦┼╥╬┴╠ STAND FOR?
╤ $018) ╫HAT VERSION OF ─╧╙ DOES THE 1571 HAVE?
╤ $019) ╫HAT OTHER TWO ├OMMDORE ─ISK ─RIVES SHARE THE SAME ─╧╙ VERSION
NUMBER AS THE 1571?
╤ $01┴) ╚OW MANY FILES WILL THE 1571 HOLD?
╤ $10┬) ╚OW MANY FILES WILL THE 1541 HOLD?
╤ $01├) ╫HAT DID ├OMMODORE MAKE RIGHT BEFORE ENTERING THE COMPUTER MARKET?
╤ $01─) ├OMMODORE INTRODUCED AN ILL-FATED 4 COLOR PLOTTER. ╟IVE THE MODEL
NUMBER.
╤ $01┼) ╙OME FORMATS OF ├╨/═ WRITE DISKS USING THE ═╞═ FORMAT. ╫HAT DOES
═╞═ STAND FOR?
╤ $01╞) ╧N THE ├OMMODORE 128, THE USER MANUAL LEFT TWO COMMANDS UNDOCUMENTED.
╧NE WORKS, AND THE OTHER GIVES A NOT-IMPLEMENTED ERROR. ╬AME BOTH
COMMANDS AND WHAT EACH ONE DOES OR DOES NOT DO.
╙OME ARE EASY, SOME ARE HARD, TRY YOUR HAND AT IT.
╩IM ┬RAIN
BRAIN@MSEN.COM
=============================================================================
╔NTER╬ET ╥ESOURCES FOR THE ├OMMODORE 64 / 128 ╓1.0
BY ├RAIG ╘AYLOR (DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU)
[╘HIS ARTICLE IS PLACED INTO PUBLIC DOMAIN BY THE AUTHOR. ├OPYING ENCOURAGED]
╘HE ╔NTERNET
╠ET ME START THIS ARTICLE WITH A QUOTE BY ANOTHER AUTHOR THAT EVERYONE
SHOULD HEED WHEN DEALING WITH THE ╔NTER╬ET:
"╧NE WARNING IS PERHAPS IN ORDER---THIS TERRITORY WE ARE ENTERING CAN
BECOME A FANTASTIC TIME-SINK. ╚OURS CAN SLIP BY, PEOPLE CAN COME AND
GO, AND YOU'LL BE LOCKED INTO ├YBERSPACE. ╥EMEMBER TO DO YOUR WORK!
╫ITH THAT, ╔ WELCOME YOU, THE NEW USER, TO ╘HE ╬ET."
BRENDAN@CS.WIDENER.EDU
- ┴UTHOR, ┌EN AND THE ┴RT OF THE ╔NTERNET
╫HAT IS THE ╔NTER╬ET?
╫HAT EXACTLY IS THE ╔NTER╬ET? ╔MAGINE IF YOU WILL, WHEN YOU WERE A KID
STRINGING WIRES BETWEEN HOUSES IN YOUR NEIGHBORHOOD SO THAT YOU COULD
TALK WITH THE KIDS THAT LIVED BESIDE YOU. ┘OU COULD TALK TO THOSE BESIDE
YOU BUT NOT THE ONES THAT LIVED ACROSS TOWN. ╬OW, SUPPOSE THAT YOU
WANTED TO RELAY A MESSAGE TO A BUDDY ACROSS TOWN. ╘HE ONLY FEASIBLE WAY
WOULD BE TO SEND A MESSAGE TO THE GUY NEXT DOOR; THEN HAVE HIM SEND IT
TO THE CORRECT PERSON.
╘HIS IS THE BASIC SYSTEM OF THE ╔NTERNET. ├OMPUTERS CONNECTED TO OTHER
COMPUTERS THAT ARE CONNECTED TO OTHERS. ╔N THE ABOVE PARAGRPH
COMMUNICATION WAS LIMITED BECAUSE OF GEOGRAPHY - HOW CLOSE INDIVIDUALS
WERE. ╘HE ╔NTER╬ET SYSTEM; WHILE GEOGRAPHY DOES PLAY A FACTOR, RELIES
MORE ON HOW THE SITES GREW UP AND WERE ESTABLISHED AS TO HOW MESSAGES
WILL GET PASSED BACK AND FORTH.
╘HERE ARE ALSO OTHER NETWORKS HOOKED UP TO THE ╔NTER╬ET THAT PROVIDE
AUXILARY SERVICES TO THEIR LOCAL GROUP OF COMPUTERS. ╧NE LARGE ONE IS
┬╔╘╬┼╘ AND ╒╒├╨. ╓ARIOUS BBS'S ALSO CARRY ITEMS FROM THE ╔NTER╬ET SUCH
AS THE ┬IT╬ET NEWS. ╔N ADDITION, ONLINE SERVICES SUCH AS ╟ENIE,
├OMPUSERVE, AND OTHERS OFFER "GATE-WAYS" OR WAYS OF GETTING ACCESS TO
THE RESOURCES OF THE ╔NTER╬ET.
┴CCESS ╘O ╘HE ╔NTER╬ET
╟AINING ┴CCESS TO THE ╔NTER╬ET ╘HERE ARE SEVERAL WAYS OF GAINING ACCESS
TO THE ╔NTER╬ET. ┘OUR LOCAL COLLEGE MAY BE YOUR BEST LOW-COST
OPPORTUNITY. ╘YPICALLY, IF YOU ARE A STUDENT OR FACULTY OR STAFF, YOU
MAY QUALIFY TO HAVE AN ACCOUNT THAT ALLOWS YOU TO ACCESS ALL THE
╔NTER╬ET FACILITIES DESCRIBED ABOVE. ╔F YOU DON'T FALL INTO ANY OF THESE
CATEGORIES YOUR NEXT BEST BET IS AN ONLINE SERVICE SUCH AS ┴MERICA
╧NLINE, ╟ENIE, OR ├OMPUSERVE AS THESE ALL SUPPORT WHAT IS KNOWN AS AN
╔NTER╬ET GATEWAY - ALLOWING YOU T O ACCESS THE ╔NTER╬ET THROUGH T HEM.
(┴T THIS TIME, ╔ DON'T BELIEVE ╨RODIGY HAS AN ╔NTER╬ET GATEWAY - IF ╔'M
WRONG ╔'M SURE ╔'LL GET TONS OF MAIL. ╧THER ONLINE SERVICES ALSO EXIST -
╔'VE ONLY LISTED WHAT ╔ CONSIDER THE "PRIMARY" ONES.)
╧NCE YOU'VE GOTTEN ACCESS TO THE ╔NTER╬ET YOU MAY BE ASKING "╧KAY, ╔
KNOW WHAT THE ╔NTER╬ET _CAN_ GIVE ME - HOW DO ╔ DO IT?" ╒NFORTUNATELY,
BECAUSE THE ╔NTER╬ET IS RUN ON DIFFERANT COMPUTER SYSTEMS THIS WILL VARY
FROM SYSTEM TO SYSTEM. ┘OUR BEST BET WOULD BE TO EXAMINE THE
DOCUMENTATION AND HELP SCREENS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONLINE SERVICE OR
COLLEGE'S FACILITIES. ╙TUDY THEM OVER UNTIL YOU CAN QUOTE THEM BACKWARDS
(WELL, NOT QUITE THAT MUCH) - ╙TUDY THEM OVER UNTIL YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT
THEY ARE SAYING. ┴LSO, HAVING SOMEONE WHO IS ALREADY EXPERIENCED WITH
THE ╔NTER╬ET AID YOU IN YOUR EXPLORATIONS IS A GREAT HELP.
╫HAT IS ┼-═┴╔╠?
╘HERE ARE NUMEROUS INDIVIDUALS USING THE ╔NTER╬ET EACH DAY. ┼ACH IS ALSO
ABLE TO WRITE THE OTHER THROUGH THE USE OF ┼LECTRONIC ═AIL OR, AS IT'S
COMMONLY CALLED "E-MAIL".
╘O SEND A MESSAGE TO ME YOU'D USE YOUR MAIL PROGRAM (THE ACTUAL
PROCEDURE VARIES DEPENDING ON WHAT TYPE OF MACHINE YOU USE) AND TELL IT
TO SEND THE MESSAGE TO MY USER NAME, "DUCK" AT MY SITE THAT ╔ LOGIN AT -
(CURRENTLY GOING TO ╨EMBROKE ╙TATE ╒NIVERSITY) HENCE
"PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU". ╙O THE FULL ADDRESS WITH AN "@" SIGN THE
COMPUTER NEEDS TO USE TO KNOW HOW TO SEPERATE THE COMPUTER NAME AND THE
USER NAME IS "DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU".
╔T'S EASY TO TALK TO SOMEBODY IN ═EXICO, ╟ERMANY, ┴USTRALIA WITH THIS
METHOD AND IT'S QUICKER THAN THE ╒.╙. ╨OSTAL SYSTEM (WHICH, ON THE
╔NTER╬ET YOU'LL SEE REFERRED TO AS ╙NAIL ═AIL (OR S-MAIL) DUE TO IT'S
SLOW DELIVERY TIME COMPARED TO E-MAIL). ╨ROJECTS, ╤UESTIONS, ┴NSWERS,
╔DEAS AND GENERAL CHIT-CHAT ON HOW THE FAMILY IS DOING, ETC CAN BE
RELAYED OVER THE ╔NTER╬ET.
╘HERE ARE ALSO NUMEROUS ABBREVIATIONS AND NOTATIONS THAT ARE USED IN
┼-═AIL. ╙OME OF THEM ARE:
TTYAL8R - ╘ALK TO YOU LATER
RTFM - ╥EAD THE *UCKIN' MANUAL
IMHO - ╔N ═Y ╚UMBLE ╧PINION
ROTFL - ╥OLLS ON THE ╞LOOR ╠AUGHING
LOL - ╠AUGHS ╧UT ╠OUD.
L8R - ╠ATER
;-) - (WINKS)
:-) - (SMILE)
:-( - (FROWNS)
╘HERE ARE _MANY_ _MANY_ MORE - YOU CAN ALSO FIND A HUGE LIST OF THE
SMILEY FACES (TURN YOUR HEAD SIDEWAYS AND LOOK AT THE ONES IN
PARENTHESIS ABOVE) ON THE ╔NTER╬ET.
┘OU MAY ALSO HEAR THE PHRASE "MY E-MAIL BOUNCED". ╫HAT THIS MEANS IS
THAT YOUR MESSAGE, MUCH LIKE A BOUNCED CHECK, DID NOT WORK RIGHT AND IT
WAS RETURNED TO YOUR ACCOUNT. ╘YPICALLY THIS HAPPENS BECAUSE OF
INCORRECT ADDRESSES, OR AN INCORRECT USER NAME.
┼MAIL ╙ERVERS
┴NOTHER LARGE WAY OF GETTING INFORMATION IS FROM INDIVIDUALS RUNNING
WHAT ARE ┼-═AIL SERVERS FROM THEIR ACCOUNTS OR FROM SPECIFIC ACCOUNTS.
╞ROM ┼MAIL SERVERS YOU MAY REQUEST CERTAIN FILES; CATALOGS OF PROGRAMS
THAT ARE AVAILBLE FOR REQUEST; SEND MESSAGES TO BE DISTRIBUTED TO OTHER
INDIVIDUALS AND AUTOMATICALLY SUBSCRIBE YOURSELF TO THE MAILING LIST FOR
NEW ITEMS.
╘HE ONLY ┼MAIL ╙ERVER SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS
IS ONE RAN BY THE AUTHOR. ╔T MAJOR INTENT IS THAT OF DISTRIBUTING THE
├OMMODORE ╚ACKING MAGAZINE AS WELL AS PROGRAMS THAT ARE IN THE
MAGAZINE. ╘O GET HELP ON HOW TO USE IT SEND A MESSAGE TO THE AUTHOR IN
THE FOLLOWING FORMAT:
╘O: DUCK@PEMBVAX1.PEMBROKE.EDU
╙UBJ: ═┴╔╠╙┼╥╓
┬ODY OF MESSAGE: ╚┼╠╨
╘HIS SPECIFIC MAILSERVER IS RAN TWICE A DAY SO YOU SHOULD GET YOUR REPLY
WITHIN APPROXIMATELY 12 HOURS. ╨LEASE BE SURE TO HAVE A SUBJECT LINE OF
"═┴╔╠╙┼╥╓".
╔F ANYONE KNOWS OF ANY OTHER ┼MAIL ╙ERVERS EXISTING FOR THE ├OMMODORE
COMPUTERS PLEASE LET THE AUTHOR KNOW.
╬EWS╟ROUPS
╧NE OF THE PRIMARY PURPOSES OF THE ╔NTER╬ET IS FOR EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
AND DISCUSSION. ╞OR THIS PURPOSE, THERE ARE CURRENTLY OVER 2000
NEWSGROUPS ESTABLISHED DEALING WITH A WIDE RANGE OF SOCIAL, POLITICIAL,
SCIENCE, COMPUTER AND EDUCATIONAL TOPICS. ╙OME OF THESE RANGE TO INANE,
WHIMSICAL, TO PRACTICAL AND USEFUL.
╘WO OF THESE FOR THE ├OMMODORE 64/128 LINE OF COMPUTERS ARE:
COMP.SYS.CBM
COMP.BINARIES.CBM
╘HE NAMES FOR THE NEWSGROUPS START WITH A SHORT ABBREVIATION SUCH AS
"COMP" FOR COMPUTERS, "SCI" FOR SCIENCE, "BIO" FOR BIOLOGY, ETC... ╘HE
SECOND GROUP OF LETTERS STAND FOR THE TYPE OF NEWSGROUP "SYS FOR SYSTEM,
BINARIES FOR BINARIES ETC..." WHILE THE THIRD DESCRIBES IT BETTER -
"CBM" IN THIS CASE FOR ├OMMODORE ┬USINESS ═ACHINES.
╘HE NEWSGROUP, ├OMP.╙YS.├BM SUPPORTS DISCUSSION ABOUT ANYTHING UNDER THE
SUN INVOLVING THE ├OMMODORE 8 BIT LINE OF COMPUTERS (AND LATELY, EVEN
TALKING ABOUT THE OLD OLD ANCIENT CALCULATORS THAT ├OMMODORE MAE THAT
MIGHT NOT HAVE EVEN BEEN 8 BIT). ├OMP.┬INARIES.├BM ALLOWS PROGRAMS TO BE
"POSTED" OR MADE AVAILABLE TO EVERYONE WHO WISHES THEM. ╘HERE ARE
PROGRAMS AVAILABLE THAT WILL LET YOU TAKE THE "ENCRYPTED" TEXT-ONLY
VERSION OF THE PROGRAM THAT YOU SEE ON THE SCREEN AND CONVERT THEM INTO
THE CORRECT BINARY P ROGRAM.
┬ASICALLY THE RULES FOR NEWSGROUPS ARE: 1) ┼NJOY YOURSELF, 2) ─ON'T
HARASS OTHERS AND 3) ╘RY TO STAY ON TOPIC. ╬EWSGROUPS ARE READ BY MANY
MANY PEOPLE - TYPICALLY YOU'LL GET A RESPONSE TO AN INQUIRY WITHIN ONLY
AN HOUR OR SO - SOMETIMES EVEN SOONER. ┬UT BECAUSE THEY'RE READ BY SO
MANY PEOPLE CHATTER OR "BABBLE" AS IT'S KNOWN, IS ALSO DISCOURAGED.
─ON'T HESITATE TO POST ANY QUESTIONS, CONCERNS OR COMMENTS BUT MAKE SURE
IN EACH MESSAGE THAT YOU POST THAT YOU HAVE A REASON TO POST.
╙O ╫HAT'S ╧UT ╘HERE?
╙O WHY SHOULD YOU BE INTERESTED IN THE ╔NTERNET? ╔MAGINE, IF YOU WILL,
BEING ABLE TO ASK QUESTIONS TO NUMEROUS INDIVIDUALS, DOWNLOAD THE LATEST
IN SHAREWARE AND PUBLIC-DOMAIN SOFTWARE, KNOW THE "RUMOURS" AND TOPICS
BEFORE THEY EXIST ALL FOR FREE? (╧R AT LEAST, ONLY FOR WHAT YOUR
"HOOKUP" METHOD CHARGES - SEE ╟AINING ┴CCESS TO THE ╔NTER╬ET LATTER).
╘HAT'S WHAT'S OUT ON THE ╔NTERNET. ┴NY QUESTION YOU HAVE - THERE IS SURE
TO BE AN ANSWER FOR - ANY SOFTWARE YOU'RE LOOKING FOR YOU STAND AN
EXTREMELY GOOD CHANCE OF FINDING SOMETHING ALONG THE LINES OF YOUR
NEEDS.
╘HE MAJOR BENEFIT OF THE ╔NTERNET AS ╔ SEE IT CONSISTS OF THE CONTINUED
SUPPORT FOR THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS. ┬ECAUSE ALL THESE DIFFERANT MEANS
OF OBTAINING INFORMATION ARE NOT SPONSORED BY ANY ONE SPECIFIC COMPANY
OR INDIVIDUAL THE ├OMMODORE 8-BIT LINE OF COMPUTERS ARE GURANTEED
CONTINUED SUPPORT OVER THE ╔NTERNET. ╔N ADDITION, BECAUSE THE ╔NTERNET
STRONGLY FROWNS UPON ├OMMERCIAL ADVERTISING YOU WON'T FIND NUMEROUS ADS
OR ANY OTHER MATERIAL URGING YOU TO "BUY THIS, BUY THAT" LIKE YOU WILL
ON SOME OTHER SERV ICES.
╞╘╨ ╙ITES
╞╘╨ STANDS FOR ╞ILE ╘RANSFER ╨ROTOCOLS AND IS A METHOD OF OBTAINING
PROGRAMS THAT ARE STORED ON ANOTHER SYSTEM'S COMPUTERS. ╘HERE ARE
NUMEROUS ╞╘╨ SITES OUT THERE IN ╔NTER╬ET LAND - ONE OF THE BEST
CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR THE ├OMMODORE COMPUTERS IS THAT OF ╥.╦NOP'S SITE
AT CCOSUN.CALTECH.EDU.
[ ╘HE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF ╞╘╨ SITES FOR THE ├OMMODORE 64 AND 128
COMPUTES AND IS CURRENTY MAINTAINED BY ╚OWARD ╚ERMAN
(H.HERMAN@╟┼NIE.GEIS.COM) AND IS USED WITH HIS PERMISSION. ╚E USUALLY
POSTS AN UPDATED LIST TO COMP.SYS.CBM NEWSGROUP EVERY MONTH OR SO.]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
╘HIS IS THE LIST OF ╞╘╨ SITES CONTAINING SOFTWARE AND PROGRAMS
SPECIFIC TO THE ├OMMODORE 64 AND 128 COMPUTERS.
╔ WILL TRY TO KEEP THIS LIST AS CURRENT AND ACCURATE AS POSSIBLE, SO
THAT IT CAN BE A USEFUL RESOURCE FOR USERS OF THE NEWSGROUP.
╨╠┼┴╙┼ COOPERATE AND SEND ┼-MAIL TO ME WITH ANY CORRECTIONS AND
UPDATES. ╔F A SITE HAS CLOSED OR NO LONGER CARRIES ├┬═ SOFTWARE, LET
ME KNOW AND IT WILL BE DELETED. ╔F YOU UNCOVER A SITE NOT LISTED,
TELL ME SO THAT IT CAN BE ADDED.
-----
╘O USE THIS LIST ON A ╒╬╔╪ SYSTEM, JUST TYPE 'FTP <SITENAME>', WHERE
<SITENAME> IS ANY OF THE SITES LISTED BELOW. ╒SE 'ANONYMOUS' AS
YOUR LOGIN, AND YOUR ┼-MAIL ADDRESS FOR THE PASSWORD. ┘OU CAN CHANGE
AND LIST DIRECTORIES WITH 'CD' AND 'DIR', RESPECTIVELY, AND DOWNLOAD
FILES TO YOUR SYSTEM USING 'GET'. ┬E SURE TO SPECIFY EITHER 'BINARY'
IF YOU ARE GETTING A PROGRAM, OR 'ASCII' FOR A TEXT FILE BEFORE YOU
BEGIN THE DOWNLOAD.
-----
╔N ADDITION TO THE SITES LISTED BELOW THERE ARE HUNDREDS OF OTHER
╞╘╨ SITES ON ╔╬ET WITH INTERESTING FILES COVERING EVERY TOPIC
IMAGINABLE. ╘AKE SOME TIME TO SEEK OUT AND EXPLORE THESE TOO.
┼NJOY!
-----
╚OST SOL.CS.RUU.NL (131.211.80.17)
╠AST UPDATED 00:39 4 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB/═╔─╔/╨╥╧╟╥┴═╙
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 1024 ┴UG 26 09:58 ├64
╠OCATION: /PUB/═╔─╔/─╧├
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 40183 ╩AN 19 1993 ├64MIDI-INTERFACE.TXT
╚OST UCENG.UC.EDU (129.137.33.1)
╠AST UPDATED 04:38 6 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB/WUARCHIVE/SYSTEMS/CPM/C128
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 24576 ╬OV 6 1986 C128-MEX.COM
╠OCATION: /PUB/WUARCHIVE/SYSTEMS/CPM/C64
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 1615 ═AR 14 1984 C64-CPM.MSG
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 1536 ╞EB 9 1985 C64MODEM.COM
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 4199 ╞EB 10 1984 C64MODEM.DOC
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 19200 ╞EB 9 1985 MD730C64.COM
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 2192 ╧CT 1 1984 MD730C64.DOC
╠OCATION: /PUB/WUARCHIVE/DOC/MISC/IF-ARCHIVE/INFOCOM/TOOLS
╞╔╠┼ R--R--R-- 5798 ┴UG 5 14:42 C64TODAT.TAR.┌
╚OST AIX370.RRZ.UNI-KOELN.DE (134.95.80.1)
╠OCATION: /.DISK2/USENET/COMP.ARCHIVES/AUTO/COMP.SYS.CBM
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXRWXR-X 384 COMP.SYS.CBM
╚OST FTP.CSV.WARWICK.AC.UK (137.205.192.5)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 18 ╩AN 1994
╠OCATION: /PUB/C64
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 909 ╩AN 8 19:52 ├64PROGS.DOC
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 19558 ╩AN 8 19:49 BACKGAMM.SFX
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 21384 ╩AN 8 19:49 CHEQUEBO.SFX
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 11449 ╩AN 8 19:49 COUNTDOW.SFX
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 18136 ╩AN 8 19:49 DRAUGHTS.SFX
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 5011 ╩AN 8 19:49 LOADER.SFX
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 17423 ╩AN 8 19:49 WHITEWAS.SFX
─ESCRIPTIONS:
============
BACKGAMM - ┬ACKGAMMON BOARD GAME
CHEQUEBO - ├HEQUE ┬OOK ╧RGANISER, WRITTEN IN BASIC WITH ╒╦ POUND SIGN AS
CURRENCY, BUT COULD BE CHANGED TO SUIT ANOTHER.
COUNTDOW - ╠╧┴─"COUNT EXAMPLE",8,1 AND WATCH THE COUNTDOWN DURING LOADING.
DRAUGHTS - ─RAUGHTS BOARD GAME.
LOADER - ╨RESS ╥┼╙╘╧╥┼ KEY AND ═┼╬╒ ON DISK WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY RE-LOADED.
WHITEWAS - ├OLOUR SQUARES BOARD GAME.
╠OCATION: /TMP/C64
>╘EMPORARY FILES STORED HERE. ╔F /TMP DIRECTORY NOT FOUND, TRY
>AGAIN AT ANOTHER TIME. /TMP DIRECTORY NOT ALWAYS AVAILABLE.
╚OST CLOVER.CSV.WARWICK.AC.UK (137.205.192.6)
╠AST UPDATED 13:29 27 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB/C64
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 812 C64PROGS.DOC
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 73696 C64PROGS.SFX
╚OST NEXUS.YORKU.CA (130.63.9.66)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 21 ─EC 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB/╔NTERNET-INFO
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 6308 COMMODORE.FTP
>┴N OLDER VERSION OF THIS LISTING.
╚OST RIGEL.ACS.OAKLAND.EDU (141.210.10.117)
╠AST UPDATED 01:42 3 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB2/CPM
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 1536 ╩UN 4 1992 C128
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 C64
╠OCATION: /PUB2/CPM/C64
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 1615 ═AR 14 1984 C64-CPM.MSG
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 1536 ╞EB 9 1985 C64MODEM.COM
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 4199 ╞EB 10 1984 C64MODEM.DOC
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 19200 ╞EB 9 1985 MD730C64.COM
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 2192 ╧CT 2 1984 MD730C64.DOC
╚OST OAK.OAKLAND.EDU
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 18 ─EC 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB2/CPM
>╞OR ├╨/═ SOFTWARE, MOST ALL OF WHICH WILL RUN ON THE ├128.
╚OST SRC.DOC.IC.AC.UK (146.169.2.1)
╠OCATION: /USENET/COMP.ARCHIVES/AUTO
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 COMP.SYS.CBM
╠OCATION: /USENET/COMP.ARCHIVES
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 COMMODORE-64-128
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 ═AY 3 1991 C64
╠OCATION: /MEDIA/VISUAL/COLLECTIONS/FUNET-PICS/JPEG/GAMES
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 ═AR 20 05:48 C64
╠OCATION: /MEDIA/VISUAL/COLLECTIONS/FUNET-PICS/JPEG/COMP/GAMES
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 ═AY 6 03:55 C64
╚OST TUPAC-AMARU.INFORMATIK.RWTH-AACHEN.DE (137.226.112.31)
╠AST UPDATED 04:59 7 ╧CT 1992
╠OCATION: /PUB/RZ.ARCHIV/SIMTEL/CPM
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 C64
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 ╙EP 21 20:56 C128
╚OST WUARCHIVE.WUSTL.EDU (128.252.135.4)
╠AST UPDATED 02:40 23 ═AY 1993
╠OCATION: /SYSTEMS/AMIGA/INCOMING/MISC
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 21815 ╩AN 23 14:26 ├64╓IEW.LHA
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 120 ╩AN 23 14:26 ├64╓IEW.README
╠OCATION: /MIRRORS/CPM
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 C64
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 1536 ╬OV 22 1992 C128
╚OST WATSUN.CC.COLUMBIA.EDU (128.59.39.2)
╠AST UPDATED 02:07 8 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /KERMIT2/OLD
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXRWXR-X 1024 ╩UL 12 18:30 C64
╠OCATION: /KERMIT/BIN
╚OST CS.COLUMBIA.EDU (128.59.1.2)
╠AST UPDATED 01:29 12 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /ARCHIVES/MIRROR1/KERMIT
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 15016 ┴UG 24 1988 C644TH.PRG.GZ
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 733 ╙EP 29 1992 C64HELP.TXT.GZ
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 6095 ╙EP 29 1992 C64KER1660.SDA.GZ
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 5904 ╙EP 29 1992 C64KERFAST.SDA.GZ
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 26484 ╙EP 29 1992 C64KERV22A.SDA.GZ
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 42552 ╙EP 29 1992 C64KERV22B.SDA.GZ
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 31982 ╙EP 29 1992 C64SLKV22S.SDA.GZ
╚OST PLAZA.AARNET.EDU.AU (139.130.4.6)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 28 ─EC 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB/KERMIT/C
╞╔╠┼ R--R--R-- 3073 ┴UG 16 1988 C64BOOT.BAS
╞╔╠┼ R--R--R-- 1547 ┴UG 16 1988 C64BOOT.C
╞╔╠┼ R--R--R-- 1151 ┴UG 16 1988 C64BOOT.CLU
╞╔╠┼ R--R--R-- 3002 ┴UG 16 1988 C64BOOT.FOR
╞╔╠┼ R--R--R-- 3315 ┴UG 16 1988 C64BOOT.SIM
>╘HERE ARE MORE ╦ERMIT FILES WHICH ARE NOT LISTED. ┬E SURE TO
>GET THE COMPLETE SET OF ├64/128 ╦ERMIT FILES.
╚OST FLUBBER.CS.UMD.EDU (128.8.128.99)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 03 ╩AN 1994
╠OCATION: /REC/NEWBALLISTIC
╞╔╠┼ RW-R--R-- 8576 ═AR 23 21:21 BALISTIC.C64
--------------------------------
╚OST F.MS.UKY.EDU (128.163.128.6)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 28 ─EC 1993
╠OCATION: /ARCHIVE/C64.ZIP
╚OST FTP.FUNET.FI (128.214.6.100)
╠AST UPDATED 06:11 22 ═AR 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB/PICS/JPEG/GAMES
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXRWXR-X 512 ═AR 20 02:07 C64
╠OCATION: /PUB/MISC
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXRWXR-X 512 ═AR 13 23:30 C64
╠OCATION: /PUB/KERMIT
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXRWXR-X 1024 ╩AN 13 1992 C64
╠OCATION: /PUB/AMIGA/AUDIO/MISC/SID-TUNES
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 671490 ╩UN 18 1992 ├64═USIC╙HOW-1.LHA
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 316521 ╩UN 18 1992 ├64═USIC╙HOW-2.LHA
/PUB/CBM
╚OST NIC.SWITCH.CH (130.59.1.40)
╠AST UPDATED 00:39 31 ┴UG 1993
╠OCATION: /MIRROR/KERMIT/BIN
╚OST GMDZI.GMD.DE (129.26.8.90)
╠AST UPDATED 01:08 1 ┴UG 1993
╠OCATION: /IF-ARCHIVE/INFOCOM/TOOLS
╞╔╠┼ RW-RW-R-- 5668 ┴PR 27 15:00 C64.TO.DAT
╚OST MICROS.HENSA.AC.UK (148.88.8.84)
╠OCATION /KERMIT
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-X--- 1024 ╬OV 11 09:20 C64
╚OST WILBUR.STANFORD.EDU (36.14.0.36)
╠OCATION /PUB/EMULATORS
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 ╩UN 30 00:57 C64
╚OST SYRINX.UMD.EDU (128.8.2.114)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 28 ─EC 1993
╠OCATION: /RUSH/C64-SOUNDS
╚OST TOLSUN.OULU.FI (130.231.96.16)
╠AST UPDATED 01:53 6 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /PUB
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 1024 ╩UL 15 1990 C64
╠OCATION: /INCOMING
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ --------- 1024 ╩UN 20 1992 C64
/PUB/AMIGA/4/C64TRANS.ZOO
/PUB/C64
>╒PLOADING TO /PUB/C64 IS DISABLED BECAUSE OF LACK OF DISK SPACE.
>╚OWEVER, FOR DOWNLOADING IT IS STILL FULLY ACCESSIBLE.
>├URRENTLY THERE IS NO ADMINISTRATION FOR /PUB/C64.
>/PUB/AMIGA IS ACTIVE, THOUGH.
╚OST CCOSUN.CALTECH.EDU (131.215.139.2)
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 31 ╩┴╬ 1994
╠OCATION: /PUB/RKNOP
╠OCATION: /PUB/RKNOP/MISC
> 64/128 PROGRAMS CAN BE FOUND WITHIN DIRECTORIES ACCORDING TO
> FUNCTION. ╫HEN SEARCHING, BE SURE TO CHECK RELATED DIRECTORIES.
╚OST UCSD.EDU (128.54.16.1)
╠AST UPDATED 04:46 6 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /MIDI/SOFTWARE
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXR-XR-X 512 ╩AN 27 1992 C64
╚OST CS.DAL.CA (129.173.4.5)
╠AST UPDATED 01:36 12 ╙EP 1993
╠OCATION: /COMP.ARCHIVES
─╔╥┼├╘╧╥┘ RWXRWXR-X 3584 ┴PR 7 04:05 C64
PUB/COMP.ARCHIVES/COMP.SYS.CBM
╚OST CCNGA.UWATERLOO.CA
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 01 ╩AN 1994
╠OCATION: /PUB/CBM/VBM110.UUA
> ╞OR ╓┬═ ┬ITMAP ╓IEWER VERSION 1.10
╚OST BERT.PSYC.UPEI.CA
╠AST UPDATED 00:00 31 ╩AN 1994
╠OCATION: /PUB
> ┴LL THE RELEASES OF THE MAJOR DEMO PARTIES OF '93
--------------------------------
╙END ALL INFO REGARDING CHANGES/ADDITIONS/CORRECTIONS [TO THE ╞╘╨ LIST] TO:
72560.3467@├OMPU╙ERVE.├╧═ OR: H.HERMAN1@╟┼NIE.GEIS.├╧═
=============================================================================
╚IDING KILOBYTES
BY ═ARKO ═"AKEL"A <═ARKO.═AKELA@╚ELSINKI.╞╔>
═OST ├OMMODORE 64 PROGRAMS DO NOT UTILIZE EVEN NEARLY ALL OF THE 64 K┬
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY SPACE. ┬Y DEFAULT, THERE ARE ONLY 44 KILOBYTES OF
ACCESSIBLE ╥┴═. ╘HIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES HOW YOU CAN TAKE THE HIDING 20
KILOBYTES TO USE.
_═EMORY MANAGEMENT_
╘HE ├OMMODORE 64 HAS ACCESS TO MORE MEMORY THAN ITS PROCESSOR CAN
DIRECTLY HANDLE. ╘HIS IS POSSIBLE BY BANKING THE MEMORY. ╘HERE ARE
FIVE USER CONFIGURABLE INPUTS THAT AFFECT THE BANKING. ╘HREE OF THEM
CAN BE CONTROLLED BY PROGRAM, AND THE REST TWO SERVE AS CONTROL LINES
ON THE MEMORY EXPANSION PORT.
╘HE 6510 ═╨╒ HAS AN INTEGRATED ╔/╧ PORT WITH SIX ╔/╧ LINES. ╘HIS
PORT IS ACCESSED THROUGH THE MEMORY LOCATIONS 0 AND 1. ╘HE LOCATION 0
IS THE ─ATA ─IRECTION ╥EGISTER FOR THE ╨ERIPHERAL DATA ╥EGISTER, WHICH
IS MAPPED TO THE OTHER LOCATION. ╫HEN A BIT IN THE ──╥ IS SET, THE
CORRESPONDING ╨╥ BIT CONTROLS THE STATE OF A CORRESPONDING ╨ERIPHERAL
LINE AS AN OUTPUT. ╫HEN IT IS CLEAR, THE STATE OF THE ╨ERIPHERAL LINE
IS REFLECTED BY THE ╨ERIPHERAL REGISTER. ╘HE ╨ERIPHERAL LINES ARE
NUMBERED FROM 0 TO 5, AND THEY ARE MAPPED TO THE ──╥ AND ╨╥ BITS 0 - 5,
RESPECTIVELY. ╘HE 8502 PROCESSOR, WHICH IS USED IN THE ├OMMODORE 128,
HAS SEVEN ╨ERIPHERAL LINES IN ITS ╔/╧ PORT. ╘HE SEVENTH LINE IS CONNECTED
TO THE ├APS LOCK OR ┴╙├/├├ KEY.
╘HE ╔/╧ LINES HAVE THE FOLLOWING FUNCTIONS:
─IRECTION ╠INE ╞UNCTION
--------- ---- --------
OUT ╨5 ├ASSETTE MOTOR CONTROL. (0 = MOTOR SPINS)
IN ╨4 ├ASSETTE SENSE. (0 = ╨╠┴┘ BUTTON DEPRESSED)
OUT ╨3 ├ASSETTE WRITE DATA.
OUT ╨2 ├╚┴╥┼╬
OUT ╨1 ╚╔╥┴═
OUT ╨0 ╠╧╥┴═
╘HE DEFAULT VALUE OF THE ──╥ REGISTER IS $2╞, SO ALL LINES EXCEPT
├ASSETTE SENSE ARE OUTPUTS. ╘HE DEFAULT ╨╥ VALUE IS $37 (─ATASSETTE
MOTOR STOPPED, AND ALL THREE MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES HIGH).
╠IKE MOST CHIPS IN THE ├OMMODORE 64, THE 6510 ═╨╒ USES THE ╬═╧╙
(╬-CHANNEL METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR) TECHNOLOGY. ╘HE ╬═╧╙ SWITCHES
PRODUCE STRONG LOGICAL '0' LEVELS, BUT WEAK '1' LEVELS. ╘HE OPPOSITE
IS THE ╨═╧╙ (╨-CHANNEL METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR) TECHNOLOGY, WHICH
CANNOT PULL STRONG SIGNALS LOW, BUT IS ABLE TO DRIVE THEM HIGH. ╘HE ├═╧╙
TECHNOLOGY (COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR), WHICH COMBINES
THESE TWO TECHNOLOGIES, IS ABLE TO DRIVE BOTH LOGICAL LEVELS.
┬ECAUSE MOST INTEGRATED CIRCUITS IN THE ├64 USE THE ╬═╧╙ TECHNOLOGY,
ALL HARDWARE LINES THAT ARE NOT OUTPUTS ARE DRIVEN TO +5 VOLTS WITH A
WEAK CURRENT. ╘HIS IS USUALLY ACCOMPLISHED BY PULL-UP RESISTORS, LARGE
RESISTANCES BETWEEN THE HARDWARE LINES AND THE +5 VOLT POWER SUPPLY
LINE. ╘HE RESISTORS CAN BE INSIDE A CHIP OR ON THE PRINTED CIRCUIT
BOARD. ╘HIS ALLOWS ANY ╬═╧╙ OR ├═╧╙ CHIP TO DRIVE THE LINE TO THE
DESIRED STATE (LOW OR HIGH VOLTAGE LEVEL).
╘HE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN INPUT AND AN OUTPUT IS THAT AN OUTPUT USES
MORE CURRENT TO DRIVE THE SIGNAL TO THE DESIRED LEVEL. ┴N INPUT AND AN
OUTPUT OUTPUTTING LOGICAL '1' ARE EQUIVALENT FOR ANY OTHER INPUTTING
CHIP. ┬UT IF A CHIP IS TRYING TO DRIVE A SIGNAL TO GROUND LEVEL, IT
NEEDS MORE CURRENT TO SINK AN OUTPUT THAN AN INPUT. ┘OU CAN EVEN USE
OUTPUTS AS INPUTS, I.E. READ THEM IN YOUR PROGRAM.
┘OU CAN USE THIS FEATURE TO DISTINQUISH BETWEEN THE LEFT
SHIFT AND THE SHIFT LOCK KEYS, ALTHOUGH THEY ARE CONNECTED
TO SAME HARDWARE LINES. ╘HE SHIFT LOCK KEY HAS SMALLER
RESISTANCE THAN THE LEFT SHIFT. ╔F YOU MAKE BOTH ├╔┴ 1
PORTS TO OUTPUTS (WRITE $╞╞ TO $─├03 AND $─├01) PRIOR
READING THE LEFT SHIFT KEY, ONLY SHIFT LOCK CAN CHANGE THE
VALUES YOU READ FROM ├╔┴ 1 PORT ┬ ($─├01).)
╙O, IF YOU TURN ANY MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINE TO INPUT, THE EXTERNAL
PULL-UP RESISTORS WILL MAKE IT LOOK LIKE IT IS OUTPUTTING LOGICAL
'1'. ╘HIS IS ACTUALLY WHY THE COMPUTER ALWAYS SWITCHES THE ╥╧═S IN
UPON STARTUP: ╨ULLING THE -╥┼╙┼╘ LINE LOW RESETS ALL ╨ERIPHERAL LINES
TO INPUTS, THUS DRIVING ALL THREE PROCESSOR-DRIVEN MEMORY MANAGEMENT
LINES HIGH.
╘HE TWO REMAINING MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES ARE -┼╪╥╧═ AND -╟┴═┼ ON
THE CARTRIDGE PORT. ┼ACH LINE HAS A PULL-UP RESISTOR, SO THE LINES ARE
'1' BY DEFAULT. (╔N THE ├OMMODORE 128, YOU CAN SET THE STATE OF THESE
TWO LINES PRIOR TO SELECTING THE ├64 MODE, PROVIDED THAT YOU WRITE THE
MODE SWITCH ROUTINE YOURSELF.)
┼VEN THOUGH THE MEMORY BANKING HAS BEEN IMPLEMENTED WITH A 82╙100
╨ROGRAMMABLE _╠OGIC_ ┴RRAY, THERE IS ONLY ONE CONTROL LINE THAT SEEMS
TO BEHAVE LOGICALLY AT FIRST SIGHT, THE -├╚┴╥┼╬ LINE. ╔T IS MOSTLY
USED TO CHOOSE BETWEEN ╔/╧ ADDRESS SPACE AND THE CHARACTER GENERATOR
╥╧═. ╘HE FOLLOWING MEMORY MAP INTRODUCES THE ODDITIES OF -├╚┴╥┼╬ AND
THE OTHER MEMORY MANAGEMENT LINES. ╔T IS BASED ON THE MEMORY MAPS IN
THE ├OMMODORE 64 ╨ROGRAMMER'S ╥EFERENCE ╟UIDE, PP. 263 - 267, AND SOME
ERRORS AND INACCURACIES HAVE BEEN CORRECTED.
╘HE LEFTMOST COLUMN OF THE TABLE CONTAINS ADDRESSES IN HEXADECIMAL
NOTATION. ╘HE COLUMNS ASIDE IT INTRODUCE ALL POSSIBLE MEMORY
CONFIGURATIONS. ╘HE DEFAULT MODE IS ON THE LEFT, AND THE ABSOLUTELY
MOST RARELY USED ╒LTIMAX GAME CONSOLE CONFIGURATION IS ON THE RIGHT.
(╘HERE HAVE BEEN AT LEAST TWO ╒LTIMAX CARTRIDGES ON THE MARKET.) ┼ACH
MEMORY CONFIGURATION COLUMN HAS ONE OR MORE FOUR-DIGIT BINARY NUMBERS
AS A TITLE. ╘HE BITS, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT, REPRESENT THE STATE OF THE
-╠╧╥┴═, -╚╔╥┴═, -╟┴═┼ AND -┼╪╥╧═ LINES, RESPECTIVELY. ╘HE BITS WHOSE
STATE DOES NOT MATTER ARE MARKED WITH "X". ╞OR INSTANCE, WHEN THE
╒LTIMAX VIDEO GAME CONFIGURATION IS ACTIVE (THE -╟┴═┼ LINE IS SHORTED
TO GROUND, -┼╪╥╧═ KEPT HIGH), THE -╠╧╥┴═ AND -╚╔╥┴═ LINES HAVE NO EFFECT.
DEFAULT ╒LTIMAX
1111 101X 1000 011X 001X 1110 0100 1100 XX01
00X0
10000
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╞000
╦ERNAL ╥┴═ ╥┴═ ╦ERNAL ╥┴═ ╦ERNAL ╦ERNAL ╦ERNAL ╥╧═╚(*
┼000
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─000 ╔╧/├ ╔╧/├ ╔╧/╥┴═ ╔╧/├ ╥┴═ ╔╧/├ ╔╧/├ ╔╧/├ ╔/╧
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